Table of Contents
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
What is SCADA?
Answer: SCADA is an industrial control system designed to monitor factory and plant operations either on-site or from a remote location.
What are the major components of the SCADA?
1: Master Terminal Unit (MTU).
2: Remote Terminal Unit (RTU).
3: Communication Network (defined by network topology)
Benefits of SCADA?
1: Increase reliability.
2: Eliminates the need for manual data collection.
3: Alarms and system-wide monitoring.
4: Maintenance of equipment and spot areas for improvement.
5: Historians provide the ability to view data in various ways to improve efficiency.
InTouch SCADA
1: Wonderware InTouch, the quickest and easiest way to create human-machine interface (HMI) applications for Microsoft Windows operating systems.
2: InTouch applications span the globe in a multitude of vertical markets, including food processing, semiconductors, oil and gas, automotive, chemical and pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, transportation, utilities, and more.
Major Programs:
InTouch consists of three major programs:
1: Application Manager: Organizes Applications.
2: WindowMaker: Development Environment.
3: WindowViewer: Runtime Environment.
Automotive Security Testing
1: Automotive security testing involves evaluating the security of automotive systems, including embedded software, hardware, communication networks, and protocols used in vehicles. With the increasing integration of electronic control units (ECUs), infotainment systems, telematics, and autonomous driving technologies, vehicles have become complex cyber-physical systems.
2: Ensuring the security of these systems is crucial to protect against cyber-attacks that could compromise vehicle safety, privacy, and functionality.
Key areas of Automotive security testing
1: Embedded system security: Testing the ECUs and other embedded systems for vulnerabilities.
2: Communication Protocols: Analyzing the security of protocols like CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), FlexRay, and Ethernet.
3: Infotainment Systems: Ensuring the security of multimedia and connectivity systems that interface with external devices.
4: Telematics and Remote Access: Assessing the security of systems that allow remote monitoring and control of the vehicle.
5: Autonomous Driving Systems: Evaluating the security of sensors, actuators, and algorithms used in autonomous driving.
6: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication: Testing the security of communication between vehicles and other entities (Infrastructure, pedestrians, other vehicles).
Methods to find bugs
Static Analysis:
1: Reviewing the source code and binaries for security vulnerabilities without executing the code.
Tools: Coverity, Fortify, CodeSonar.
Dynamic Analysis:
1: Analyzing the behavior of the system during execution to identify vulnerabilities.
Tools: Valgrind, AFL (American Fuzzy Lop), QEMU.
Fuzz Testing:
1: Sending random or malformed data to the system to identify how it handles unexpected inputs.
Tools: Peach Fuzzer, AFL, Honggfuzz.
Penetration Testing:
1: Simulating attacks on the system to identify and exploit vulnerabilities.
Tools: Metasploit, Kali Linux, CANoe (For CAN bus testing).
Network Security Testing:
1: Analyzing the security of communication networks within the vehicle and with external entities.
Tools: Wireshark, CANalyzer, Scapy.
Hardware Security Testing:
1: Inspecting hardware components for vulnerabilities, such as side-channel attacks and tampering.
Tools: Oscilloscopes, Logic Analyzers, ChipWhisperer.
Firmware Analysis:
1: Examining the firmware for security vulnerabilities, backdoors, and insecure configurations.
Tools: Binwalk, IDA Pro, Ghidra.
Threat Modeling:
Identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities by analyzing the system architecture and design.
Techniques: STRIDE, PASTA, Attack Trees.
Security Audits and Compliance Checks:
1: Reviewing the system for compliance with industry security standards and best practices.
2: Standards: ISO 26262 (Functional Safety,) ISO/SAE 21434 (Cybersecurity for road vehicles).
Red Teaming:
1: A simulated attack performed by a team to identify vulnerabilities that might be exploited by attackers.
2: Techniques: Social engineering, physical access attacks, remote exploitation.
